Two shipwrecks dating to the second century were discovered in deep waters off the western coast of Greece during a survey conducted ahead of the construction of a gas pipeline. Greek researchers used side-scan radar and robot submarines to examine the pottery, ballast stones, and possible remnants of wooden ships. They also reportedly recovered pottery and marble artifacts.

Last month, several holes were dug in a portion of Kincaid Mounds State Historic Site in southern Illinois. More recently, an all-terrain vehicle or truck was driven over one of the mounds, damaging it. The mounds were used by the Mississippian culture 1,000 years ago for the burials of people and grave goods, in addition to being a political and agricultural center. “These mounds are a unique, irreplaceable part of our heritage, and to destroy them for the sake of amusement or profit is a despicable act,” said Amy Martin, director of the Illinois Historic Preservation Agency.

Climate change may have triggered the collapse of Harappan civilization, according to a reconstruction of the Indus River landscape by geologist Liviu Giosan of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. This urban culture spread across what are now India, Pakistan, Nepal, and Bangladesh as early as 5,200 years ago, and depended upon the waters from monsoon-driven rivers. When the intensity of the rains decreased some 3,000 years ago, the people migrated east to the Ganges River basin. “Cities collapsed, but smaller agricultural communities were sustainable and flourished,” added archaeologist Dorian Fuller of University College London.

A team of researchers has analyzed more than 300 Neolithic burials from central Europe, and has concluded that individuals that had been buried with adzes had access to better land, as revealed in the strontium isotopes in their teeth. Strontium isotope analysis also indicates that Neolithic women were more likely to have been raised in areas outside those where they had been buried. “Community diversity seems to have happened very early on in the transition to agriculture and probably occurred through inheritance and kinship systems rather than individuals competing for wealth,” explained Penny Bickle of Cardiff University.

A 4,000-year-old tomb containing pottery and objects made from alabaster and copper has been discovered in the Deir al-Barsha necropolis in Middle Egypt. The sarcophagus within the tomb was inscribed with funeral texts. “It is the first time in many years that such a well-preserved tomb has been unearthed,” said Muhammad Ibrahim, Egypt’s antiquities minister.

An altar and a stele thought to have been crafted between 800 and 500 B.C. have been unearthed at the Olmec site of Chalcatzingo in central Mexico. The site itself is a residential area that dates between 700 and 900 A.D. Carolina Meza of Mexico’s National Institute of Anthropology and History said that the Olmecs may have buried the altar and stele in new buildings in order to decommission them.

New dates have been obtained for artifacts from southwestern Germany’s Geißenklösterle Cave, using an improved technique that removes contamination from the samples. The cave is noted for its personal ornaments, figurative art, mythical imagery, and musical instruments, which mark the beginning of the Aurignacian period for what are thought to have been modern humans. The new test results place this between 42,000 and 43,000 years ago—older than Aurignacian deposits from Italy, France, and England. The dates also suggest that modern humans lived in central Europe during an extremely cold era.

In Bahrain, vandals cut the barbed wire fences surrounding the 3,500-year-old A’ali’s Royal Burial Mounds, then removed large boulders from the site and used them to block access to roads in the village of A’ali. Some of the boulders were then broken by road cleaning crews. “The boulders are being rapidly removed from the streets and returned to their original locations through efforts by our officials and workers we hired,” said Abdulla Al Sulaiti, director of the ministry of archaeology and heritage.

Between 2000 and 2004, the U.S. Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command recovered more than 200 sets of remains of soldiers killed in North Korea during the Korean War. Upon examination in the U.S., 12 of those sets of remains were identified as Asian soldiers. South Korean scientists then joined in the analysis of the remains, which were recently returned to South Korea. “It is the first time remains of our soldiers killed in North Korea during the Korean War have been repatriated since the armistice agreement was signed in 1953,” said Col. Park Shin-han of South Korea’s Recover and Identification team. Two of the fallen men have been identified. As many as 40,000 South Korean soldiers may be buried in the North.

A Native Hawaiian woman’s argument that the construction of an elevated rail project in Honolulu cannot begin until the archaeological survey of the entire 20-mile route has been completed has reached the Hawaii Supreme Court. The city is currently conducting the survey in four phases and says that native Hawaiian burials won’t be disturbed by the project. “The state law is silent on some of these points. The federal law is very clear that phasing like this is permitted, and this of course is a federally supported project,” countered City Attorney Gary Takeuchi. The first 50 columns for the rail line have been built.