Archaeology Magazine - Dura-Europos: Crossroad of Cultures - References

Burns, Ross. The Monuments of Syria. 2000. Burns gives a good general outline of Dura.

Cumont, Franz. "The Dura Mithraeum." In Mithraic Studies: Proceedings of the First International Congress of Mithraic Studies, ed. John Hinnels. 1975. Belgian archaeologist Cumont played a large role in bringing Dura's Mithraeum to international prominence. A reprinting of his original writings on the subject is worth reading.

Dirven, Lucinda. The Palmyrenes of Dura-Europos. 1999. This book provides an excellent overview of political and religious life in Dura throughout its history. Dirven goes into great detail about many temples in the city, including their architecture, and archaeological finds discovered at its religious sites.

Edwell, Peter. Between Rome and Persia: The Middle Euphrates, Mesopotamia, and Palmyra Under Roman Control. 2008. Edwell provides invaluable insight into how Dura changed under various political administrations, from the Seleucids to the Parthians and Romans.

Hachlili, Rachel. Ancient Jewish Art and Archaeology in the Diaspora, Vol. 1, Part 35. 1998. Examining Dura's synagogue and its similarities to other buildings in the city

James, Simon. "Dura-Europos, ‘Pompeii of the Syrian Desert.'" 2005. British archaeologist Simon James, currently involved in excavating Dura's military complexes, explains the importance of Dura as an ancient site.

Leriche, Pierre. "Iranian Archaeology: Dura-Europos, Its Archaeology, and History." The Circle of Ancient Iranian Studies. 2009. Archaeologist currently working at Dura gives good summary of the site.

Millar, Fergus. The Roman Near East: 31 B.C.-A.D. 337. 1993. Another good political overview of Dura.

Patel, Samir S. "Earliest Chemical Warfare – Dura Europos, Syria." 2010. A discussion of the first archaeologically attested chemical warfare, found in Dura

Stephanos, Mary. "The Jewish Community at Dura-Europos: Portrait of a People." 2001. An examination of different interpretations of Dura's synagogue and the city's Jewish population

Yarshater, Ehsan. The Cambridge History of Iran: The Seleucid, Parthian, and Sasanian Periods. 1983. Explains how the political offices in Dura changed as successive powers conquered the city